Literature & Multilingualism: Translanguaging & Code-Switching in the Literary Context
In what forms does multilingualism appear in literary works? To what extent does the reader's linguistic knowledge influence the interpretation of a multilingual novel or poem? What motivates authors to use several languages in their texts - and are they always aware of their multilingual writing practice?
These questions and many more were addressed by participants at the "Literature & Multilingualism" event, organised by the GEWI focus area Multilingualism, Migration and Cultural Transformation, on 10 March 2025 in the ITAT research room.

After a welcome address by Nadja Grbíc, co-spokesperson of the 1st cluster of this research area and professor at the Institute of Translation Studies, and Lisa Schantl, organiser of the event. After a welcome by Nadja Grbíc, co-spokesperson of the first cluster of this research area and professor at the Institute of Translation Studies, and Lisa Schantl, organiser of the event and doctoral candidate at the Institute of English Studies, the invited researchers Marianna Deganutti (Institute of World Literature, Bratislava) and Johanna Domokos (Bielefeld University and Károli University, Budapest) first presented the essential and current considerations in research on literary multilingualism. They then invited the participants to try out the theory in practice through their own writing exercises.
A central role was played by the teaching of tools for analysing multilingual literary works and raising awareness of the various forms and manifestations of multilingual artistic expression. Literary multilingualism occurs on different levels of the text - from the text itself to the multilingualism of the fictional world and the multilingualism of the author to the readers and any epitexts (Deganutti and Domokos 2023). These levels may or may not be interdependent. The researchers presented the various forms of literary language change on the basis of a model that was first published by Domokos in 2017 and has been continuously expanded since then. It is made up of seven types, which differ mainly in the intensity of the language changes that occur. "Zero-degree code-switching", for example, refers to latent multilingualism, i.e. to a work that does not show any actual language changes, but to which multilingualism can be attributed through more subtle tools. The most intensive form, type 6 or "syntactic translingualism", on the other hand, describes an extremely pronounced mixing of the languages present through interlanguaging practices such as pidginisation or relexification (Domokos and Deganutti 2021-2023). These techniques were illustrated using examples of poetry by the authors Cia Rinne and Sabira Ståhlberg.
After a brief excursion into the multimodal component of multilingual creativity using the example of music, presented by Deganutti, the event concluded with a writing exercise. The participants reflected on their own language backgrounds and skills and wrote these down in the form of a short multilingual poem.
For further information on the topic, please visit the website of the interdisciplinary research group LangueFlow and the Journal of Literary Multilingualism (JLM ).